The ancient Roman year consisted of ten months, while having 304 days, and winter is not divided into months. Beginning of the year was considered March, which coincided with the start of field work.

The order of the months affected the Latin names of some months (eg Lat. September (September) - the seventh, Lat. October (October) - the eighth, etc. The emperor Numa Pompily increases the number of months to two - Ianuarius (January) and Februarius (February), named in honor of the gods Janus and Phoebe. 153 BC. of e beginning of the year was postponed to January 1.

In 46 BC, Roman Emperor Julius Caesar reformed the calendar that later was named Julian, but January 1 is the beginning of the year. On this day, the Romans offered sacrifices to Janus and started with a major event, counting the first day of the year favorable. On this day in ancient Rome was taken manumit slaves

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